What is Diphtheria?

Diphtheria is a highly contagious bacterial infection that primarily affects the throat and upper airways. It is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which releases dangerous toxins that can cause severe inflammation of the mucous membranes. Common symptoms include sore throat, fever, and the formation of gray-white patches in the throat. If left untreated, diphtheria can lead to serious complications such as heart problems or nerve damage, and in the worst cases, it can be life-threatening.

Transmission and Risk Factors of Diphtheria

Diphtheria is mainly spread through droplet infection, such as by coughing or sneezing. People without adequate vaccination or those living in areas with low vaccination rates are particularly at risk. Although diphtheria cases have decreased globally due to vaccination programs, the disease remains a risk in regions with low vaccination coverage. Close contact with infected individuals and poor hygiene contribute to the spread of the infection.

Long-term Effects and Prevention of Diphtheria

If untreated, diphtheria can cause serious long-term damage, including myocarditis (heart muscle inflammation), paralysis, and kidney damage. Fortunately, vaccination has made diphtheria rare today, but maintaining up-to-date vaccination is crucial for effective protection. Especially in times of international travel, vaccination remains a key method to prevent the spread of this dangerous disease.